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Why leaves change colour: the chemistry of autumn

As chlorophyll breaks down, hidden yellow and orange pigments show through.

Why leaves change colour: the chemistry of autumn
Photo: Illustration: Wildgrove Science (synthetic)

Green leaves are packed with chlorophyll, which absorbs red and blue light. In autumn, trees stop making it.

Yellow carotenoids, present all summer, are revealed. Red anthocyanins are made fresh in the leaf as sugars get trapped.

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